Novel Effects Associated with the Use of Probiotics, Synbiotics and Prebiotics

To maintain the wellbeing of the human gut, the role of its microflora and their metabolites is fundamental. Probiotics is a Greek term, which is used to define non-living microbes that are beneficial in nature and exert numerous advantages on the host body. The intestinal microflora’s function and activity may also be improved by administering some of the prebiotics (indigestible dietary fibers) independently or in a c combination with probiotics. The term “Synbiotics” is used to denote the combination of both prebiotics and probiotics. It should always be noted that numerous disorders are being associated with the abnormal function of microbiota/microflora that can be regulated and stabilized with the help of ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics or their combination. Multiple benefits are associated with the use of these probiotics, synbiotics and prebiotics including healthier digestive system, proper immune response of the gut and treatment of numerous GI tract disorders. All these issues are encountered because of treatments with new synthetic drugs that affect the digestive system as well as numerous organs in the body. Ulcerative colitis is a term that refers to chronic inflammation of the colon emerging as a result of improper immune response to intestinal microflora of the host. Researchers have studied the effects of synbiotics to treat this chronic condition1. As for the action mechanism of the synbiotics is concerned, it is assumed that they modulate the inflammatory response through expression of the cytokines, probiotic bacteria assisted modulation of the immune cells and prebiotics assisted production of certain short chain fatty acids. Jayanama and Theou studied the consequences of improper ingestion of probiotics and prebiotics in elderly patients. They revealed that physical inactivity, sarcopenia, and polypharmacy could be treated with the help of probiotics, prebiotics or a combination of both2. All the aforementioned disorders can lead to gut dysbiosis. The researchers have also revealed that the gut microbiota homeostasis can be improved with the help of probiotics and prebiotics and they can be a helping hand in the prevention of aging and frailty. It is evident that left and right prescriptions of antibiotics and their use caused antibiotic resistance in the pathogens. This issue can be best resolved with the ingestion of probiotics and prebiotics. The systematic evidence to treat infected chronic wounds has been provided by Brognara et al3. Similarly, chronic wounds and burns treatment is done widely with the use of Lactobacillus plantarum. Some other researchers have reviewed the available data associated with the use of numerous prebiotics in the treatment of idiopathic constipation, and highly prevalent GIT disorrderrs4-6. This is due to the capability of prebiotics to improve the consistency of the stool, bloating and number of bowel movements. A limited data is available regarding the efficacy of prebiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and pouchitis. It is concluded that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been imparting a role in treating GIT disorders including indigestion, traveler’s diarrhea, IBD etc. Scientific reports have revealed their role in the treatment of cancerous disease, obesity, kidney and brain disorders. Many tools for the research of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are now available; therefore, the future bio-therapeutics are going to be changed with the passage of time

Impact of E-Service Quality on Purchase Intention Through Mediator Perceived Value in Online Shopping

It is vital to know the variety in many features of consumer purchase intention among Internet users. Paper scrutinizes the relationships e-service quality, perceived value and purchase intention for Chinese online shoppers of food products. We applied the questionnaire technique for data gathering for the measurement of an tool, and sample design was non-probability purposive of sample 600 respondents. Members were selected using non-probability purposive sampling, which documented personal information and confirmed that there is no study prejudice because the data examination is anonymous. Cronbach's alpha was used to checked the reliability through SPSS, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the validity complete through AMOS software, structural equation model (SEM) was also used to checked the model fitness. The testing outcomes show that, for the direct path, electronic service quality has a significant, positive effect on perceived value and purchase intentions and also, perceived value directly significant, positive impact on purchase intentions. For the indirect path, electronic service quality has a significant, positive impact on purchase intentions through perceived value. Managerial implications of these results are discussed. Keywords: E-service quality, perceived value, purchase intention, online shopping, Food product

Cognitive System for Objects Serving in Industry

As cognitive systems become gradually adept at performing simple jobs like moving itself, picking up and delivering the objects. In the context of building the “Cognitive System for Objects Serving in Industry” has ability to learn placement of geographical entities from environment of industries by spatial reference systems, objects identifications, human face detections and image processing. This paper presents the iterative design of a systemic system that uses a computational model for identifying and delivering objects on the basis of a range of spatial reference systems. Keywords: Cognitive System for Objects Serving in Industry (CSOSI), spatial reference systems, objects identifications

Identification of Associations between Cognitive Agents Using Learning Based System

The research is to pronounce the socialization with humans after identification of relationships between cognitive agents recognized with the perspective of focus, selective attention, intention and decision making. Machine learning is used to understand environment complexity, dynamic collaboration, noise, features, domain and range on different parameters. Range of view is an interesting approach for relationship identification with respect to time, distance and face direction in a settled boundary that are trying to answer socialized behavior between those multiple agents. In resultant, the system agent finds friend, best friend and stranger relationships between other agents by using top down approach. The application can play a wonderful role for security purposes, gaming, labs, and intelligence agencies etc

Hibernation Mechanism in Smartphone Mobile Operating Systems

Smartphone technology is advancing at a rapid pace. They are able to run more applications at a time which needs proper management of running processes especially when the processes are accidently lost due to critical battery that causes the device switch off. Therefore data loss occurs and there is no option to retrieve the lost data. In this paper, Hibernation approach for smartphones mobile operating system has been considered. Initially working of smart phones has been analyzed in order to find out their working mechanism. Hibernation approach is also discussed along with its structure. A mechanism has been proposed for smartphones based on hibernation called Hibernation Mechanism in Smartphones (HMS). HMS has been proposed for Smartphones in order to prevent application losses, thereby, giving proper management to smartphone users. Keywords:Hibernation Mechanism in Smartphones (HMS), Prevent application losses and Proper management

Teaching teamwork to transnational students in engineering and technology

China is producing over 4 million STEM graduates each year. According to the literature, many of these graduates lack the professional skills that are required by the global job market. Consequently, a new course was designed to help Chinese students cultivate the necessary professional knowledge and practical skills in the field of electronic engineering. The aim of this innovative course was to build experience of working in a team to design and develop a rover that can perform specific tasks. The course’s team project covers areas such as electronic design, sensing, instrumentation, measurement, computing, communications, as well as project management, report writing and technical presentation. The learning outcomes and course details are described herein. Furthermore, feedback from 152 Chinese students y is discussed and. Statistical analysis from surveys completed by 152 students are discussed and compared with a similar learning activity that was implemented in the UK. Contrary to popular misconceptions, the survey’s results clearly show that this team based active learning activity was ideally suited to the culture and background of Chinese students.

Why Botnets Work: Distributed Brute-Force Attacks Need No Synchronization

In September 2017, McAffee Labs quarterly report estimated that brute force attacks represent 20\% of total network attacks, making them the most prevalent type of attack ex-aequo with browser based vulnerabilities. These attacks have sometimes catastrophic consequences, and understanding their fundamental limits may play an important role in the risk assessment of password-secured systems, and in the design of better security protocols. While some solutions exist to prevent online brute-force attacks that arise from one single IP address, attacks performed by botnets are more challenging. In this paper, we analyze these distributed attacks by using a simplified model. Our aim is to understand the impact of distribution and asynchronization on the overall computational effort necessary to breach a system. Our result is based on Guesswork, a measure of the number of queries (guesses) required of an adversary before a correct sequence, such as a password, is found in an optimal attack. Guesswork is a direct surrogate for time and computational effort of guessing a sequence from a set of sequences with associated likelihoods. We model the lack of synchronization by a worst-case optimization in which the queries made by multiple adversarial agents are received in the worst possible order for the adversary, resulting in a min-max formulation. We show that, even without synchronization, and for sequences of growing length, the asymptotic optimal performance is achievable by using randomized guesses drawn from an appropriate distribution. Therefore, randomization is key for distributed asynchronous attacks. In other words, asynchronous guessers can asymptotically perform brute-force attacks as efficiently as synchronized guessers.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Securit

Perspective and Prospects of Commencing New Education Policy (NEP) of Pakistan: A Review of Conference.

This article focuses on four important factors: Assessment, Curriculum and Text Books’ Policy, Teachers for quality education and Education and management, as formulated by Education and Literacy Department of Sindh Government. Open poll discussions and views given by educationists and experts were taken. All the views have been summarized for consideration by all concerned. Chief Minister Sindh, Arbab Ghulam Rahim, Javed Hussain, Education Minister, Hamida Khoro and Education Secretary to Government of Sindh, Ghulam Ali Pasha also shared their opinions on the new Education Policy and Government’s intention to ensure quality education in Sindh Province. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the views presented in the Education Conference and reach fruitful conclusions. The implications are also made keeping in mind the targets of New Millennium Development Goals (NMDGs).Assessment, Curriculum and Text Book Policy, Education and Management, Literacy

Opisthodorylairnus N. gen., and some new and known species of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda) from India

A new genus Opisthodorylaimus closely related to Thornenema Andrassy, 1959 and Mesodorylaimus Andrhssy, 1959 is proposed, along with the description of three new species, viz., O. maqsoodi n. sp. (type), O. caudatus n. sp., and O. chamoliensis n. sp. It differs from Thornenema in having an unsclerotized lip region and a broad odontostyle, while from Mesodorylaimus it differs in having an opisthomonodelphic reproductive system as well as a broad odontostyle. Jairajpuria oryzae n. sp. differs from J. shamimi Baqri & Jana, 1980 in the shape of lip region, posteriorly situated vulva, unsclerotized vagina and in the absence of a sphincter at the oviduct-uterus junction. Dorylaimus siddiqii n. sp. is close to D. thornei AndrBssy, 1969, but differs in having a shorter and narrower body, differently shaped lip region, smaller and narrower odontostyle and ina bthsen ce of vulval papillae. Calodorylaimus indicus n. sp. differs from C. octo Andrassy, 1969 in having a smaller body, shorter odontostyle, longer oesophagus, posterior vulva and smaller spicules and tail. The male of Thornenema cavalcantii is redescribed. Laimydorus pseudostagnalis and Afrodorylaimus geniculatusa re reportedf or the first time from India